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We have set up our model to both express a dynamic of
Big History, and yet at the same time to avoid the expression of false
determinism in the sense of historical laws. This took the form of transmuting
the poles of the antinomy of freedom and causality, as expressed in Kant’s
version of the Third Antinomy, into a dynamism of ‘system action’ and
‘free action’, in the alternation rhythm of the eonic sequence. We do not
know the nature of this system action, although we can clearly see its
phenomenological legacy in the eonic flowering of self-consciousness that we see
in the sequence of transitions stretching over millennia. But we have a strange
clue, and we now come to the beautiful result, and the final enigmatic climax of
our eonic sequence, the embedded subsequence we have called the discrete freedom
sequence, visible in the double emergence of democracy twice in a row at the
point of the divide in our series. We could more generally cast the nature of
our eonic evolution as an 'evolution of freedom. And yet throughout we have
confronted a mystery and in our analysis we have found only the phenomenological
aspect of a set of transitions, never seeing the hidden or veiled dynamic behind
them. The fact of the discrete freedom sequence gives us a clue to this deep
structure in the way it resembles the keynote of the idea of freedom as this
appears in the philosopher Kant.
Let
us recall our previous citation of the Kantian antinomy, and to digest this
stunning realization.
Kant’s
Third Antinomy “Causality
according to laws of nature is not the only kind of causality from which the
phenomenon of the world can be derived. It is necessary, in order to explain
them, to assume a causality through freedom.” Its antithesis is: “There is
no freedom: everything in the world takes place solely in accordance with laws
of nature.”
We should interject that the term ‘causality of
freedom’ is problematical and the object of a famous historical debate over a
perceived contradiction in the Kantian system (summarized by Schopenhauer). We
can defer that question, since in rough strokes the point is clear, and since we
have replaced‘ causality/freedom’ with our fuzzy and neutral ‘system
action/free action’. We have made no commitments to historical causality of
any kind, confined to phenomenological transitions. We can play both sides of
the fence to make our point. We have no theory to suffer contradiction,
remember, only an empirical pattern as a theory of the evidence, not of its
action.
We have made the discovery that this
abstract expression of an antinomy, one resolved by Kant in terms of
transcendental idealism, and more generally in the realization that both poles
of the contradiction are in some fashion true, has an actual reflection in the
dynamics of history, visible at the core of the eonic effect itself. This
remarkable concordance can be seen from the terms of the antinomy itself, which
on the one hand gives expression to the 'causal' aspect we have called the
'stream' and on the other to a 'second causality', that of freedom, which is
directly expressed in the interleaved 'causality of freedom' that is seen in the
discrete freedom sequence. Thus our expression, an 'evolution of freedom' is
well chosen for it shows how in essence the evolution of man is an evolution of
his freedom. There are a number of problems with the idea of the 'causality of
freedom' and we have actually replaced the term with our expression of system
action, 'eonic determination', which expresses the actual reconciliation of
opposites behind the contradictions of causality and freedom. We see however
that this antinomy, as it resolves itself historically, is much more exact than
we could have expected.
The
Discrete freedom sequence Not only does our system show an evolution of
freedom, it shows more exactly in the example of the double (re)-birth of
democracy in two successive transitions (just at what we call the ‘divide’)
an exact match to the eonic sequence, and to the famous antinomy of Kant about
freedom and causality. It is ‘as if’ there were two forms causality on two
different levels. In fact, the ‘causality of freedom’ points to an unknown
(what Kant called ‘transcendental freedom’, a dangerous term).
Furthermore, as we zoom in on both cases, we see, to our surprise, that the
correspondence is exact to the decade: just in the generation of the divide
(Solon, near -600, with the Exile about to start, thence to Rousseau, the French
Revolution, Thomas Paine) the initialization starts, almost exactly 2400 years
apart. And there is an obvious reason why this baffling coincidence ought to be
so, which our model uncovers on spot with its distinction of 'system action' and
'free action'. The system action can only initialize a new potential, since its
action, if this is about democracy, would deprive freedom of its own
realization. Since democracy couldn't arise outside the eonic sequence,
regrettably, the system generates it. And the way through this would be to put
the system action inside the transition, and then ignite democracy just at the
divide, as ‘system action’ turns into ‘free activity’. If you read the
history of this period you see at once and with new insight the strange
concordance of a brilliantly emerging new order mixed with spastic idiocy that
sets sail with an initial result achieved, at least in the American frontier
region. We have a model of the thunderclap of the starting point, and the rough
edges of the realization. And we also see why Greek democracy was so short
lived.
An evolution of freedom This double action, as if there were a law of
causality and a causality of freedom, gives us the hint we need to describe the
overall character of our eonic sequence as, speaking formally, an ‘evolution
of freedom’. This is a descriptive statement, a sort of
‘meta-description’, not the statement of an evolutionary law. The
contradiction in the antinomy is reconciled by our processes of ‘system
action’ and ‘free action’, somewhere in between ‘causality’ and
‘freedom’: we see oscillations in degrees of freedom. The agent must step
beyond this ‘evolution’ into history, history as the realization of freedom,
in a sense he must define. The result can only be mapped out by our model. We
never see the ‘system’ whose action we detect. It is like the distinction of
the noumenal and the phenomenal in
the Kantian system.
We should note in passing that the fine-grain structure we have found clearly
distinguishes our version of the ‘evolution of freedom’ from the great
precursor of this idea, the philosopher Hegel. We have annexed the question, in
one major respect, to the field of system’s theory, from its possible
theological interpretations.
Thus our eonic system has left a strange clue in the double
emergence of democracy in successive transitions. Such a high degree of ‘eonic
determination’ over millennia is almost as bad as determinism and should make
our hair stand on end confronted with the microprogramming of what we had
thought our free creations). We are left wondering to what degree our freedom,
so far, is but a kiddie rid in a carnival. We should also realize the difference
of the democratic starting point (e.g. the American version, directly the first
born of the modern transition), and the later democratic realization, less able
to repair its dysfunction. This is ominous, since the 'system action' undergoes
shutdown at its divide. That our model should correspond so closely to the
actual facts of history in such a close match shows is as strong a result as
confirmation by experiment, and shows a situation smarter than we realize,
although still so mysterious we hardly know how to use it. We have preempted our
chance to produce a predictive theory, but nonetheless we have produced
‘interior inner-dictions as confirmation’. Thus we zoom in to discover that
a timing that is eerily exact, (with no proof but the overwhelming suspicion
this could not be chance) for a reason connected with the nature of our system:
its discrete-continuous matches exactly the double action of the Kantian
antinomy. This deep pattern of coherence uncovered by systematic periodization
gives us a mysterious confirmation of the rightness of our model.
Kant considered that in this case both poles of the
contradiction were reconciled in practice. We see that this is so, as reflected
in our shift in terminology from ‘causality/freedom’ to ‘system
action/free action’. And this is true of history, save that unexpectedly the
data shows so neatly the emergence of freedom associated with the eonic
sequence. We have proceeded indirectly in the construction of our model by using
periodization alone in an attempt to clock the action of a dynamic whose action
we detect in the pattern of the eonic sequence. We never see this dynamic
directly. The correspondence to Kant's phenomenal/noumenal distinction is
exact, save that we are speaking of history, not the psychology of the
individual and what are called his representations. We have thus produced, or
stumbled on, a new concept, almost a phantom term, 'historical freedom', which
has one and the same problematic as the Kantian version, as the actually
realized freedom generator, beyond the action of individuals, this in time
(phenomenal), a macro process of 'freedom evolution of some kind' whose action
matches the eonic sequence. We cannot transcendentalize this in any logical
manner. All we see is the varying degrees of temporal freedom. This is
why modern revolutions (those inside the transition, please note, no others)
generate their own dialectic of ambivalence. We should be wary of all this in
that while our a priori concepts fall into perfect sync with 'reality', as
predicted by Kant's transcendental deduction, their noumenal correspondences can
at no point be known to us. Thus we get the result, and yet the deeper reality
is beyond concepts, and we approach that with an 'idea of reason', in the
well-qualified usage of Kant. But somehow we get lucky. And a model as crude as
this eonic construct actually scores an easy bull's eye, to our uncomprehending
amazement. Nature shows its hand and our discrete series catches the result.
Because the crux of the process is that of intermittency, and this intermittency
is associated with the relative entanglement of causality and freedom, its
structure is suddenly seen to be a direct translation into historical terms of
the Third Antinomy. We have stumbled without trying into the exact situation
Kant describes. We can proceed to document this double action further by looking
at what we have called the discrete freedom sequence inside the eonic sequence.
And as Kant suggests, nature itself resolves the contradiction, and we see how
the two aspects seem in some way to be both true.
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